Expansionary Monetary Policy Essays - 1494 Words

Expansionary Monetary Policy Expansionary fiscal policy, such as the Chancellor of the Exchequer deciding to reduce the standard rate of income tax leads to higher aggregate demand and an increase in equilibrium income and output. In this essay I will examine the factors that are important in determining the macroeconomic effects should such a policy be installed by Gordon Brown (Chancellor of the Exchequer), and I will comment on any suggestions I may have for Gordon Brown in the preparation of his next budget with a brief description on the assumptions that my advice is based. Macroeconomic Goals Firstly I would like to examine the macroeconomic goals/aims of Gordon Brown and his fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is the†¦show more content†¦An increase in aggregate demand leads to an increase in the demand for labour shown as a shift from DL to DL1 which leads to increase in employment as a result of the wage rate increasing from 1 to 2. However, due to the natural rate of unemployment the supply of labour shown as SL, shifts to the right to SL1 where the wage rate is represented as 3 and employment returns to the natural rate. IS-LM Model This example of short run and long run aggregate supply and demand brings us straight into IS-LM Model. The IS-LM Model shows the combinations of both income and interest rates and shows how equilibrium is reached in both the goods and money markets. This model involves two schedules/curves, the IS curve and LM curve. The IS schedule shows the different combinations of income and interest rates at which the goods market is in equilibrium and the LM schedule displays the combinations of interest rates and income compatible with equilibrium in the money market. IS-LM schedule in equilibrium or the goods and money markets in equilibrium. The money market is in equilibrium at all points on the IS curve. The money market is in equilibrium at all points on the LM curve so only at point A are both markets in equilibrium. With the exception of a fall in interest rates, any factor that shifts the aggregate demand curve upwards, such as a decrease in income taxes will also shift the IS curveShow MoreRelatedExpansionary Fiscal Policy And Expansionary Monetary Policy1496 Words   |  6 Pagesmove the economy out of a recession, the government would implement expansionary economic policies. One action the government would take would include conducting expansionary fiscal policy. The other action taken would be conducting expansionary monetary policy. Both of these actions would have an effect on such things as money supply, interest rates, spending, aggregate demand, GDP, and employment. Expansionary fiscal policy consists of change in government expenditures, or taxes, in order inRead MoreThe Expansionary Fiscal Policy And The Monetary Policy2849 Words   |  12 Pageslean on the expansionary Fiscal policy and the monetary policy to regain money into the economy. Whether, a change in taxes or even government spending. Even to the three major tools of the expansionary monetary policy to focus on. In the first part of this paper, I will discuss the expansionary fiscal policy and how the Federal government was involved and the changes that needed to be made to taxes, government spending. The second part of this paper, I will discuss the monetary policy and the toolsRead MoreFed Expansionary Monetary Policy764 Words   |  4 PagesFed Policy Economists have been puzzled by the question of whether or not the Fed should begin its exit from expansionary monetary policy, primarily due to the reason that surrounds all policy change - there are benefits, and there are costs. The expansionary monetary policy essentially focuses on expanding the economy through increasing the GDP, and this is done through increasing output and employment through the lowering of interest rates. With the economy recovering slowly but surely, many economistsRead MoreThe Federal Reserve And Expansionary Monetary Policy1657 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment can handle the economy in a recessionary period in one of two ways: expansionary fiscal policy or expansionary monetary policy. The sector of the government that handles the economy using these policies in a recession is the Federal Reserve. The best course of action to get the United States out of a recession is to use expansionary monetary policy. In order to properly explain the expansionary economic policies that the federal government engages in, it is important to understand the vocabularyRead MoreThe Impact Of Expansionary Monetary Policy During The Great Recession1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe 2008 Great Recession has been declared by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as the worst global recession of the 20th century since the Great Depression [1]. After eight years, global economies today continue to struggle to find sustainable recovery and robust growth. The crisis was a massive institutional failure that involved the bursting of the asset bubble, the collapse of the stock market, and the moribund employment rate among others. The crisis has since triggered economists, governmentsRead MoreShould Feds Continue with Expansionary Monetary Policy or Exit Strategy?863 Words   |  4 Pagesconsumers spending. Based on the data given by the U.S. Department of Commerce today, the economy is now healing from the recession with the expansionary monetary policy. However, some people argue that it takes too long for the recovery to happen and suggests that it is time for the Fed to come out with an exit strategy. However, I think the Fed should stick with its policy because it manages to improve the economy. Therefore, I think the Fed should stay with their strategies until there is a clear evidenceRead MoreThe FEDs Expansionary and Contractionary Monetary Policies During and After the Economic Recession586 Words   |  3 Pagesthe concern that the expansionary monetary policy they used will quickly turn the recession into high inflation. This â€Å"exit strategy† can also be described as contractionary monetary policy and is going to be used to counteract the inflation sure to follow the economy’s recovery. Critics of this plan argue about when it should be implemented because it could make a recession worse or the inflation just as bad as the recession. The Fed has been using expansionary monetary policy to increase the moneyRead MoreFactors That Affect The Economic System1223 Words   |  5 Pages In monetary terms, a subsidence is delegated a moderate development or absence of development in financial movement; all together for the economy to escape the retreat, the legislature must execute expansionary monetary strategies. â€Å"The activities of government are grouped into three categories: allocation, redistribution, and stabilization. Stabilization and redistribution are conducted primarily through governments in all economic systems. Allocation is a microeconomic activity that is sharedRead MoreExpansionary Policy1254 Words   |  6 PagesExpansionary Fiscal and Monetary Policies Macroeconomics: ECO 203 Professor Charles Aki September 1, 2013 The US economy has seen some detrimental changes over the past decade. These changes resulted in unsubstantial unemployment rates, fluctuating interest rates, unstable GDP, and an increase in taxes. The federal government has an obligation to citizens to respond to the changes in the economy that affect each household. Expansionary Fiscal and Monetary Policies are economic policies usedRead MoreMonetary Policy On Economic Prosperity Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pages MONETARY POLICY CHANNELS BY MARTIN RIITHO MAINA KCA 14/02073 Term Paper submitted to Dr. G. Kosimbei in partial fulfillment Of the requirements for the course Monetary Economics, as credit towards The degree of Master of Science (Finance and Economics) KCA UNIVERSITY November, 2014 INTRODUCTION Monetary policy takes central part in discussions on how to promote low inflation and sustainable growth in the economy. Monetary policy operates as a tool to reduce prices during inflation and enhance

Two Articles - 914 Words

Assignment 2: LASA 1—Analytical Summaries For this assignment, you will compose two short critical essays explaining and evaluating arguments by other authors. This assignment allows you to analyze an issue from a variety of perspectives and assess arguments for or against the issue. By focusing your attention on how the original authors use evidence and reasoning to construct and support their positions, you can recognize the value of critical thinking in public discourse. Read the two articles Predictive Probes, and New Test Tells Whom a Crippling Disease Will Hit—and When from the textbook and write two separate analytical summaries. These articles can be found in the chapter titled: Deciding to accept an argument: Compare the†¦show more content†¦But deciding whether to submit herself to the test is an anguishing choice for Ms. Wexler. â€Å"If I came out lucky, taking the test would be terrific, of course,† she says. â€Å"But if I came out unlucky, well †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her dilemma is an extreme example of the kind thousands of Americans will face in the not-too-distant future as scientists learn how to pinpoint genes that cause or predispose a person to a future illness. The test to detect the Huntington’s disease gene should be ready within one to two years. Researchers already have detected some of the genes that can lead to premature heart attacks and, in the near future, hope to spot those that could predispose a person to breast or colon cancer. Eventually, scientists believe they will be able to detect genes leading to diabetes, depression, schizophrenia and the premature senility called Alzheimer’s disease. New Test Tells Whom a Crippling Disease Will Hit—and When Amy Jo Snider, a college senior, has put her career plans and romantic life on hold until she settles a gnawing question about her genetic legacy. During her Christmas break, the Charleston, SC, student plans to be tested for a gene that causes ataxia, a disease without a cure that destroys the brain cells governing muscle control. The disorder crippled and ultimately killed her father in middle age. Because of aShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing the Two Newspaper Articles 1059 Words   |  5 Pagesreports serious news that are quite detailed and balanced. Broadsheets are often called the ‘quality newspapers’ and therefore is aimed to readers that want more in-depth news. Both of the articles were published on Saturday 6th of September 2009 and are about the same event. However, the layout of the two articles and the presentational devices used are very different. The typeface used in the tabloid’s headline ‘Misery Miss’ is very large and bold; also you could notice the use of alliteration. HoweverRead MoreA Comparison of Two Newspaper Articles780 Words   |  4 PagesA Comparison of Two Newspaper Articles In this coursework B I would be comparing two news articles from two different sources. This coursework will be divided into three parts. The background and context, the view of both articles i.e. use of languages, headlines, quotes used e.t.c the last part will be my opinion and the conclusion. The main idea is to compare two news articles about a prison called Guantanomo bay in Cubaand how the prisoners are being treated,Read MoreAnalysis on Two Leadership Articles1262 Words   |  5 PagesFor this discussion, select two articles related to your final project literature review. Categorize the articles as to whether they use a qualitative or quantitative methodology. If possible, select one article that uses each method. In your initial post, provide a citation and a brief summary of the methodology used to study leadership in the articles. Provide your critical analysis of the articles and methodology and assess the contributions of each particular research methodology to understandingRead MoreComparison of Two Newspaper Articles1280 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of Two Newspaper Articles These two articles are about asylum seekers. Both articles agree that there are too many asylum seekers, but are presented in a very different way to each other. Article one is a shorter more aggressive tract, not intended to make the reader think about the article but just to instantly agree with it. Article two however stands back and looks at the problem, why it has arisen and suggests ways that there can be resolutions. Both papersRead MoreA Comparison of Two Newspaper Articles989 Words   |  4 PagesA Comparison of Two Newspaper Articles In this essay I will be comparing two articles taken from local newspapers in different areas. I will be looking at the techniques used in each article and their effectiveness. I will use this comparison to eventually decide which article is the more effectiveRead MoreComparing Two Articles on Abortion1022 Words   |  5 PagesThe two articles were selected under the same subject â€Å"abortion† which is summarized together. The first article summarized on â€Å"Women No More Likely to Seek Mental Health Care after an Abortion than before, study finds† taken from popular medical online news, Medical News Today. Second article summarized on â€Å"Increased MMA concentration and body mass index are associated with spontaneous Abortion in Brazilian women: A pilot study† by Elvira M.Guerra-Shinohara, Perla M. Pereira, Ananka M. Kubota, ThaiomaraRead MoreComparing Two Newspaper Articles971 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Two Newspaper Articles In the tabloid the article about Ritalin is much further back in the paper at page forty-one unlike in the broadsheet where the same article is on page nine, In my opinion this could be because in the eyes of the editor the story on health related issues is not in the interest of the reader. The tabloids title is short and is the exaggerated truth, Zombie drug boost. The word Zombie is very emotive because it reminds you Read MoreComparing Two Newspaper Articles2069 Words   |  9 Pages Comparing two newspaper articles, one from a tabloid and one from a broadsheet will convey the different techniques that tabloids and broadsheets use to present stories. Media in general, aim to inform and interest the audience which consist of many different types. Diverse emotions and ideas are created by the media; foremost tabloids. Tabloids are papers like ‘The Sun’, ‘The Mirror’, ‘The Daily Mail’, ‘The Express’ and ‘The Star’. In contrast to these are broadsheets like ‘The Times’, ‘The Guardian’Read MoreComparative Textual Analysis of Two Articles693 Words   |  3 Pagesnewspapers into two distinct categories: broadsheets and tabloids. The former being a more neutral and respected type and the latter a newspaper for more or less entertainment purposes only. This can be well observed in two specific articles that both report on political campaigns. The first one, an extract from The New Vision, a pro-government Ugandan publication, recounts presidential candidate Paddy Bitama’s arrival to the official nomination as an election candidate. The article vaguely followsRead MoreCompare the Two Articles on Henri Paul1387 Words   |  6 PagesCompare the articles on Henri Paul: Which one do you think is most persuasive? Diana, princess of Wales died on 30th August 1997. She died in a car crash In a Paris tunnel. At the time she had divorced Prince Charles who was the father or her two children, (Prince William and Harry), and was in a relationship with Dodi Alfayed. This story was reported worldwide. In the article from the Mirror, they give a biased picture of what Henri Paul Is like. They say he Is a â€Å"speed freak† and â€Å"bike nut, could

Intellectual Property Piracy Free Essays

Intellectual Intellectual property is under attack by pirates. These pirates are not wearing an eye patch or sporting a peg leg, they are anybody and everybody who are selling or copying software for personal or business use. When it comes to software and online piracy, in certain countries, it is like the Wild West, there are laws that are very cut and dry but it seems like nobody follows them. We will write a custom essay sample on Intellectual Property Piracy or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand there are certain countries where it almost seems like anything goes with a lack of government regulation. The United States has very strict laws about copyright infringement. If a person is found guilty of copyright infringement in the US, it is considered a felony charge which carries a heavy fine as well as possible jail time. In December 2011, the Office of the US Trade Representative (USTR) released a list of â€Å"notorious markets,† or markets that â€Å"typify the problem of marketplaces that deal in goods and services that infringe on IPR and help to sustain global piracy and counterfeiting,† according to a USTR press release(China Urges US, 2012). Along with strict enforcement of anti-piracy laws, countries of North America, Western Europe and Australia tend to follow the Rule of Law in which society validates laws and codes. There are many associations emerging to fight technology piracy to ensure intellectual property rights. Such organization such as WTO (World Trade Organization), WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization), and the WCT (World Copyright Treaty) have been created to police the piracy of intellectual property. With these organizations, intellectual piracy had seen a decline for a short amount of time. In a study in 2009, it was found that of all software found in developed countries, 80% of the software was legitimately purchased. On the other hand, it was also found that in emerging countries, about 60% of software was found to be pirated. Those emerging countries account for 45% of the global hardware market while they only account for less they 20% of legitimate software. Emerging countries are actually putting out more computers then legal software to put on the computers. In 2009 alone, the US lost 50 billion dollars to software piracy. It is a daunting task to police these intellectual thieves. When looking at the piracy of intellectual property globally, it seems to be a complicated task at hand to police. There are many countries that are trying to get a grasp on the problem at hand. Statistically the United States are leading the way with only 21% of its software was pirated in a 2008 report. In January 2012, the US passed the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) in the U. S. House and the Senate’s Protect Intellectual Property Act (PIPA ) which would strengthen penalties for pirating movies, music, merchandise and books, have pitted corporate interests against each other and against free-speech advocates(Mitchell, 2012). Though one out of five computers in the US had illegal software, which is better than the 95% of software pirated in the country of Georgia. Organizations such as the WTO are helping on the forefront of against piracy by creating treaties amongst countries to in order to reduce the level of theft of IPR’s. The countries that seem to be adhering to this these treaties tend to have a higher level of individualism as well as a stronger grasp of the rule of law in compared to their counterparts. Other ways of controlling the piracy plague have been put into place. Technological security system like adding passwords and login, putting protection on the purchased software that would make it incapable of copying or burning are progressing to slow down the taking of intellectual property. Will this stop the problem completely? Most likely not, but it provides a promising future for IPR’s. In undeveloped countries across the world, piracy is running rampant with out much government enforcement. In China, it is legal to have 499 pirated DVDs in a person’s possession. If caught with more, it’s only a fine that would be about the same as a parking ticket. With countries such as China India or Russia that have a low sense of individualism, IPR is not a pressing matter. Those are some of the greatest populated countries of the world and the problem spreads even further then them. Without stricter enforcement in such countries, there is no end to how far piracy of software will go. In Western Europe, there is the alarming fact that more computer hardware is being produced then software is being sold. These emerging countries are taking hold of counterfeiting and sophisticating the way of doing business illegally. With the internet and person to person sharing, it is getting easier and more efficient to sell and trade pirated software. Piracy is inevitable. When the people of the world have no ethical problem with breaking IPR’s, there will be no end to the problem. The majority of the people that are pirating do not believe they are even breaking any laws. As much as we try to control, regulate and enforce piracy, there will always be someone looking for a new way of finding an end to a means. Piracy has been compared to that of illegal drug trafficking, it is an endless war that seems to have no end in site. If your take the cultures in where the heaviest of piracy of software is taking place, it is those that are a collective society, with little regard for those IPRs of individuals. The only way that piracy will end is if the world changes and conforms to having principles that respect these creative individuals and their governments take initiative and lead the way in solving this problem. This unfortunately, may never happen, and piracy will continue to be a problem that plagues the business world. How to cite Intellectual Property Piracy, Essay examples

Henry V Essay Research Paper email dunlopteleplexnettitle free essay sample

Henry V Essay, Research Paper electronic mail: dunlop @ teleplex.nettitle: Henry VA COMPARISON OF OLIVIER S AND BRANAGH S FILM ADAPTATION OF HENRY V The intent of this paper is to compare and contrast two movie versions of William Shakespeare s Henry V. Laurence Olivier s alteration was filmed in 1944. This was his first enterprise at movie directing and Henry V won him an Academy award for distinguished achievement as an histrion, a manufacturer, and a manager. Olivier s purpose was to bring forth an entertaining patriot movie for propaganda intents. We will write a custom essay sample on Henry V Essay Research Paper email dunlopteleplexnettitle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Kenneth Branagh was besides the manager and star of his version of Henry V. This film gained Branagh international attending. His end was to emphasize the desolation of war. Laurence Olivier s film was produced during World War II. The British authorities gave its permission for Olivier s project because it was to be a loyal movie used for propaganda intents. The aim of the movie was to rouse the memories of the British to a past glorious triumph against a European enemy ( in this instance the Gallic non the Germans ) at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //chomsky.arts.adelaide.edu.au /person/DHart/Films/HenryVOlivier.html ) . Olivier s purpose was to do an entertaining patriot movie that would make trueness to the British state and pride in its civilization and history. The movie was dedicated to the ranger and airborne military personnels of Great Britain. To the rangers and airborne military personnels of Great Britain the spirit of whose ascendants i t has been meekly attempted to recapture in some resulting scenes, this movie is dedicated ( Henry V, Olivier ) Olivier omitted about one-quarter of Shakespeare s drama in order to stress the conflict of Agincourt. The conflict was non realistic. There was no blood or enduring shown. The twenty-four hours was cheery and bright. The scenery was non really realistic either. It was a beautiful countryside that looked similar to a picture or scenery used for a drama, instead than a film. The conflict scenes showed the British as really brave and elevated war. This was done because Britain was at this clip involved in World War II, and the movie was really popular with the wartime audiences. It ran for 5 months in London and 46 hebdomads on Broadway ( hypertext transfer protocol: //chomsky.arts.adelaide.edu.au/person/DHart/Films/HenryVOlivier. hypertext markup language ) . Contrary to Olivier s end to laud war, Kenneth Branagh wanted to demo the desolation of war. In Branagh s movie, the Battle at Agincourt was really realistic. The conflict was scaring and bloody. It showed many hurt and dead work forces and Equus caballuss. Kenneth Branagh said, All the blood-and-guts was rather calculated. In fact, if eyewitness histories of the Battle of Agincourt are to be believed, we were instead modest in our representation of it. It was really unpleasant, undignified, inelegant abattoir. ( file: ///Ul/win95.lab/Desktop/HenryVBranagh.html ) . Branagh s conflict took topographic point on a dark showery twenty-four hours. The work forces fought in the clay, and the H2O on the land turned ruddy from the blood. His movie was made after the Vietnam War, and some feel the movie could be called anti-war because of its realistic portraiture of the desolation of war. William Shakespeare used war in many of his dramas. He appeared to keep the position that peace made a society soft and effete ( like the Gallic tribunal in Henry V ) and that war was a utile thing at times because it m ade a society tough and healthy. Weak elements were destroyed and the stronger elements were given room to turn and boom ( hypertext transfer protocol: //chronsky.arts.adelaide.edu.au/person/DHart/Films/HenryVOlivier.html ) . This is the position that Laurence Olivier used in his movie. On the other manus, Branagh s position on war was different. In his movie, war was considered sometimes necessary, but all attempt should be made to avoid it because of the desolation it caused. Another characteristic that showed Olivier s movie was done for propaganda intents and besides showed his position on war was the manner he portrayed the Gallic. In his movie the Gallic characters were amusing and slightly feminine. The Gallic King appeared weak and stupid. His eyes were pouching. In one scene, he fainted from fright of the English. At the terminal of the film when King Henry and King Charles met to discourse the footings of peace, Queen Isabel does a batch of the speaking for King Charles. The other Lords of the Gallic tribunal were besides depicted as foolish characters. Before the conflict, one knight had to be lowered on to his Equus caballus by ropes. This showed their folly, and it besides showed that even though the Gallic were to a great extent armed and outnumbered the English, the English conquered them. The Gallic knights sit black Equus caballuss but King Henry of England rode a white Equus caballus which was symbolic of good and evil. Branagh s word picture of the Gallic sovereign and aristocracy was more realistic than Olivier s and non amusing. In this film, King Charles appeared disquieted and concerned and Queen Isabel does non look. Branagh does demo patriotism because he portrays the English as much braver and smarter than the Gallic and more willing to do great forfeits for their state. Olivier s movie began as a phase presentation in Shakespearian clip with an audience and bit by bit developed into a film. Throughout the film much of the scenery looked more like scenery used in a drama. In the gap scene, where the bishops were seeking to warrant Henry V s right to assail France, it was really amusing. On the other manus, Kenneth Branagh s movie was a more realistic serious version with flashbacks of the yesteryear. The same scene with the bishops was really solemn.Olivier left out the scenes about offenses against humanity committed by the English. Branagh reinstated these scenes. His film included the exe cuting of King Henry s friend Bardolph for his war offense of robbing a church. It besides had the dismissal of three of King Henry s friends for confederacy and lese majesty. Branagh besides showed war offenses of stealing from the dead committed by the English on the battleground. Olivier besides left out the barbaric menace made to the governor of Harfleur by King Henry and the violent behaviour Henry displayed before his war cabinet.Both Olivier and Branagh depicted King Henry as a brave and sensitive soldier. They both saw the King as baronial but besides as a scheming politician. He used the clergy to warrant his invasion of France. He claims to worry about the demands of his work forces, but he entered the war for some personal aspiration. His courage and love for his work forces are shown in his moving addresss. His soft side is besides shown when he tries to carry Princess Katherine to love him. Branagh truly captured King Henry s sensitive and caring personality when the d og-tired King carried the dead male child to his grave. There were many similarities in the composing of Olivier s and Branagh s version of Shakespeare s drama Henry V, but there were besides differences. Branagh s version would likely appeal more to modern audiences than Olivier s because it was a more realistic word picture. The costumes and pageantry were much more luxuriant in Olivier s movie. Both managers utilized patriotism in their movies. In both movies, King Henry s address to his work forces before the conflict of Agincourt would stir utmost trueness, pride, and bravery in the English. In Branagh s version, the scene after the conflict where the King carried the dead male child to his grave and the vocalizing of Non Nobis which claimed God was on Henry s side, showed the horror of war, but it besides created a strong feeling of pride in the King and the state of England. Olivier displays the English flag more than Branagh, and at the terminal of his movie when Henry and K atherine marry, he shows the English and Gallic symbols unifying. Both Laurence Olivier and Kenneth Branagh were great Shakespearian histrions and managers. They both used Shakespeare s drama and made movies that attracted audiences of their clip. Bibliographyhttp: //chomsky.arts.adelaide.edu.au/person/DHart/Films/HenryVOlivier.htmlClassic Film Scripts: Henry V by William Shakespeare. Produced and Directed byLaurence Olivier. ( London: Dolby Corporation, 1978 ) . file: ///Ul/win95.lab/Desktop/HenryvBranagh.html

What questions have been raised for the reader in the opening pages of “The Outsider” Essay Example For Students

What questions have been raised for the reader in the opening pages of â€Å"The Outsider† Essay In the opening chapters of the outsider the author leaves gaps within the story so that the reader can ask questions and interpret the book in a certain way. Some of these questions are, his relationship with his mother and where he stands within society. The big question is about his relationship with his mother’s, when he describes her death in the opening paragraphs he describes it in detached emotionless structure. This may be because he is trying to cope with the shock of his mother’s death. When he says that the telegraph â€Å"doesn’t mean anything†, this may be because his relationship with his mother may not have been a good one. Also whilst he is on the way to the care home he â€Å"ate at Cà ©leste’s restaurant, as usual†, he seems to be treating this occasion as a regular visit. This point is further strengthened by the fact that the warden thought she was â€Å"happier† at the care home. However when he reached the home he wanted to see his mother straight away. We will write a custom essay on What questions have been raised for the reader in the opening pages of â€Å"The Outsider† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The protagonist doesn’t give detail about her death which questions the mother’s health. The warden describes Marengo as not being able to look after his mother properly and that â€Å"she needed nurse†, this may infer that the mother had poor health. The structure of Margeno’s opening paragraphs could infer that he was aware that his mother would die soon by the way he doesn’t seem distraught by when she died. The other question is what is occurring in country within the book as he says that he was â€Å"cramped up against a soldier† whilst on the bus, which brings up the question is there a war occurring and whether it’s a civil war or not. He says that Emmanuel’s uncle had died and he may have died in a war. As the protagonist doesn’t go into a detailed description of his surrounding, it leaves the reader wondering about what is occurring at that point in time. How poor is Margeno? He seem to have to borrow a tie which brings up the question of why he couldn’t buy it or whether he could afford it or not. Also the warden says that he earns â€Å"modest income† which seems like a polite way of saying that he seem to be poor, however the care may cost a lot of money. Since the reader is not being given much information on where he works it’s hard to make an assumption. He uses the imagery of â€Å"the smell of petrol† which creates the image of a congested city. The opening pages leave various questions as the protagonist doesn’t go into to detail when describing his emotions, people or his surroundings. His relationship with his mother isn’t very clear, or the state of the mothers health before she died.

Free Essays on Dubois

In Du Bois’s The Souls of Black Folk he addresses what it is like to be an African American living in the turn of the twentieth century. Du Bois isn’t like any ordinary black man though. He fortunately has been very well educated. This is rare during this time period. He discusses what its like to be black and how race will have effect on society in the future. I think that Du Bois is a sociological figure. He brings up ideas from an African American view. Not many sociologists, if there are even any, have done this before. Race had a huge impact on life during this time. Many blacks didn’t have the opportunity that Du Bois was given. Most didn’t even get to go to college, or even get through high school. Du Bois saw the fact that blacks had it hard, and this is what he discussed in his book, The Souls of Black Folk. When Weber discusses legitimate authority, he discusses how domination, or legitimate domination is one type of authority. This does not always mean in a rational sense. After reading Du Bois, I feel that he believed that the southern authority was not legitimate during this time period. The southern African Americans didn’t agree to the Southern authority of the time period. I don’t think that the black citizens of the south didn’t really accept and obey the rules. I believe that Du Bois mostly believes in traditional type of social action. Where the traditional rights of the dominant group are accepted or not challenged. The blacks although they didn’t accept the rules for the most part, they didn’t really challenge them. When looking at his writings, it is easy to see the traditional action in them. He discusses how it feels to be a problem. â€Å"A people thus handicapped†¦ sweating black man is darkened by the shadow of a vast despair.† (Du Bois, Kimmel p. 386) I believe what Du Bois meant by this quote is that while the white man is out doing whatever it is that he does, the black man is ou... Free Essays on Dubois Free Essays on Dubois In Du Bois’s The Souls of Black Folk he addresses what it is like to be an African American living in the turn of the twentieth century. Du Bois isn’t like any ordinary black man though. He fortunately has been very well educated. This is rare during this time period. He discusses what its like to be black and how race will have effect on society in the future. I think that Du Bois is a sociological figure. He brings up ideas from an African American view. Not many sociologists, if there are even any, have done this before. Race had a huge impact on life during this time. Many blacks didn’t have the opportunity that Du Bois was given. Most didn’t even get to go to college, or even get through high school. Du Bois saw the fact that blacks had it hard, and this is what he discussed in his book, The Souls of Black Folk. When Weber discusses legitimate authority, he discusses how domination, or legitimate domination is one type of authority. This does not always mean in a rational sense. After reading Du Bois, I feel that he believed that the southern authority was not legitimate during this time period. The southern African Americans didn’t agree to the Southern authority of the time period. I don’t think that the black citizens of the south didn’t really accept and obey the rules. I believe that Du Bois mostly believes in traditional type of social action. Where the traditional rights of the dominant group are accepted or not challenged. The blacks although they didn’t accept the rules for the most part, they didn’t really challenge them. When looking at his writings, it is easy to see the traditional action in them. He discusses how it feels to be a problem. â€Å"A people thus handicapped†¦ sweating black man is darkened by the shadow of a vast despair.† (Du Bois, Kimmel p. 386) I believe what Du Bois meant by this quote is that while the white man is out doing whatever it is that he does, the black man is ou...

Systematic Review - THE IMPACT THAT NURSE PRESCRIBING IS HAVING ON THE Essay

Systematic Review - THE IMPACT THAT NURSE PRESCRIBING IS HAVING ON THE NHS (In relation to cost effectiveness and the views of patients and other health care pr - Essay Example The government also around this time, introduced supplementary prescribing, whereby nurses and pharmacists would be able to prescribe medicines to patients after an initial assessment by a doctor or dentist had taken place. This was thought to be very beneficial to nurses especially when working with patients with asthma, diabetes and mental illness. With independent and supplementary prescribing, the Government pledged that by 2004, over half of all nurses would be able to prescribe medicines. (DoH, 2002). Due to the increase in numbers of nurses prescribing and the future forms of health provisions, a systematic review on the effectiveness of nurse prescribing will be undertaken. This will focus on the cost benefits to the NHS and what patients and other health care professional’s views of nurse prescribing are. Objectives: The aim of this review is to evaluate the impact and effects of nurse prescribing to date and to highlight areas of further research, which may be needed. The review will provide a summary of the current state of knowledge into nurse prescribing, to hopefully inform policy and practice and identify areas of need and shall rely upon nurse prescribing literature published from, 2000 until the present. Literature from other countries will not be invluded. Search Strategy: The search strategy for this review complied with Cochrane standards. To obtain the literature electronic databases were searched, using key words (The impact of nurses prescribing). The databases searched were CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SERFILE, Oxford Journals Online, Jstor, ProQuest, ABI Inform and Academic Search Premier. Selection Criteria: Articles published from 2000 onwards and whose methodological approach was both clearly stated and appropriate were deemed suitable for inclusion, provide that they were both scholarly and peer-reviewed. Another criterion for inclusion was article focus as the reviewer had,

English-zen story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English-zen story - Essay Example Yet, when he was caught by the master, instead of rebuking him for his misdeeds, the master felt pity and gave his clothes. This was a virtue of sharing since the prowler came long down to visit without getting something out. The thief was amazed. He accepted the gift and ran away. The master then was pondering the poor thief by wishing to give him the moon. In the short Zen story, human nature is manifested. It is natural to human to seek and desire to obtain what they need for survival. The thief did whatever to sustain his desire of having things even in a wrong way. While the master living contented in a small hut has everything he needs in his way to live out happily. He did not even think twice about giving his clothes to the thief but he showed care and love. The moon represents the naturally bountiful of needs which human needs. If only the thief though of any other way of means to survive, the earth which is the human habitat has created by God with complete things which the basic needs of human are ample. One must only be resourceful in the rightful way. The earth's resources are free and abundant. What human need to do is to make use of it in the right approach. Freedom is always there but there are limitations. Freedom is freedom in true sense when it is utilized in the rightful way.

The Effects of Robotics in Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Effects of Robotics in Industry - Essay Example Industrial robotic use has had an effect on the level of production and has affected the moral components of workers within the firms. Robotics has influences firms policy on human elements. The division of labor has been based on safety, complexity and the risk factors. Firms have chosen to design models that effectively increase their production and at the same time ensure safety within the working environments. Safety is a major concern to many firms. Industries have been subject to court dispute over compensation and other damages inflicted to employees. Firms have spent huge amount of resources in compensating employees. The utilization of robotics in the production line has had a positive impact on the running of different firms. Firms have reduced the risk factors involved while manufacturing. The limited use of human labor in high-risk units along the production line has positively improved production and reduces the number of accidents. The firm has been able to perform high-risk functions and maintain quality (Mathia, 2010). The human element is an important factor in production hence their safety needs to guarantee. The combined use of robotics and humans in industries has enhanced production. Safety being a major concern, firms Firms have been able to design models that improve quality and comply with the safety. The employee welfare is a major issue and safety is an essential com ponent while addressing welfare issues. A safe working environment would mean that employees produce at full capacity. The output of a given firm would depend upon the internal environment. The environmental factors in this case implies reduced accidents In this case, the use of robotics in the production line could positively influence production and ensure steady flow of work (Nof, 1999). The manufacturing industry requires a system that ensures productivity and complies with the existing

Effect of Political Instability on International Trade

Effect of Political Instability on International Trade ABSTRACT Regarding political instability in African Country, it is also undeniable that African continent has gone through some tough situation during fifty years past. But the fact is almost African cases regarding political instability the major cause of problem is leadership. And because of this African freedom heroes come to dictators, while African natural resources, politics of elimination and scarcity to slope the balance of authority continues to control the public globe. Moreover, these difficulties have been pointed out due to ordinary Africans leaders who already edged and they dont want to retire. Political instability in Africa may be obliged much of its reason to internal factors, though the interpenetration of internal and external aspect especially geo-political and economic comfort of the international community always play a major role in undermining the vey procedure and society that are expected to care for democracy and to inspire a sense of stability for community development in Africa. In combination to such issues as unequal development, poverty, disease, violence and the scheming tendencies of the local best, political and economic stability in Africa is continually under threat is though not emanating from inside the continent but as of external interests whose dryness for African resources, continue to figure the dynamics in areas connected to governance. Resources in Africa if fine managed are able of providing for its entered population, therefore the potentials for an extra stable environment, nevertheless, it is well recognized that stolen riches from Africa n frequently end up in banks abroad. [African Focus Bulletin, 2006], exist it money stolen by the political selected (case of Mobutu of Zaire, Abacha of Nigeria, and Moi of Kenya, just to state a few or the current Kibaki regime Anglo-leasing scandals in Kenya), they still end up in banks in the western capitals. Effect of Political Instability on International Trade in Africa countries What are the effects of political instability has on International Trade in African Countries? 1.0 Introduction The International Day of peace which was established by a U.N resolution in 1982, and is marked every year on September 21, is a global even whose activities are significant in highlighting the worldwide efforts towards conflict resolution and peace building.[Diaspora 2008] This day is more concern with African continent which most of place conflict have taken place. That there are troubles in Africa for quite decades even after several countries in the continent went through change from colonialism to self-government, is not a deniable reality. 2.0 Political Stability in Africa As described in the first essay, country with political stability, donors will trust that country and they will invest a lot. The larger company can transfer they investment to that country, also investor can return their profit back to the communities, and will boost the sectors which it almost died of is in bad shape. Country with political stability economy will grow; this is due to investor will invest more as long as they feel secure on their investment. People of the respect country will be benefited by get knowledge which transferred from the investors. Countries that can produce a product at the lowest possible coast will be able to gain a larger share in the market. Therefore an incentive to produce efficiently arises. This will help standards of the product to increase and consumers will have a good quality product to consume. More employment could be generated as the market for the countries goods widens through trade. International trade helps generate more employment through the establishment of newer industries to cater to the demands of various countries. This will help countries bring down their unemployment rates. However it could lead to a more rapid depletion of exhaustible natural resources. As countries begin to up their production levels, natural resources tend to get less. 2.1 Assessment of political stability on international trade in Africa 2.1.1 Peace and Stability Tanzania is one example of the country among sub Saharan Africa which economic and political stability is stable. Multi party democracy adopted in 1992 has not disturbed the peaceful political climate of the country. This is why FDI are very interested with country situation and invest a lot on different sectors, such as Mining Industries, beverage industries, telecommunications companies, NGOs and so on. 2.1.2 Labour skills and availability International Trade is doing well; this is because of access to skilled labour which is a key priority for companies competing in African economies. Tanzania has a long term commitment to make sure development on training and educated specialists is going well. The government put more budget of education sector in order to improve education and improve human capabilities and encourage technology transfer as a precondition for enhancing productivity of investment and attaining the desired level of competitiveness. [http://www.tic.co.tz/] 2.1.3 Private sector development Tanzania has notable itself among of few African countries that have thoroughly transformed their economies. Achievement of these reforms is imitated in the countrys strong macroeconomic fundamentals every time increasing growth rates, consistent falling inflation and increasing inflow of FDI. One of the factors that contributed to this achievement is the countrys unwavering commitment to build a strong private sector. [http://www.tic.co.tz/] 2.1.4 Infrastructure Facilities Tanzania put infrastructure as one of the key investment drivers of country is trying very hard to improve. 2.1.5 Stable Macroeconomic performance Tanzania had been concerned out successful economic and structural reforms, which have enhanced economic performance and continual growth. These achievements are based on concrete foundations of political and economic reform carry out by the government since 1986, placing Tanzania in a point where a prolonged stage of high GDP growth rates is predictable. In additional, Tanzania has a constant fiscal regime with sustainable rank of inflation. [http://www.tic.co.tz/] 3.0 Political Instability in Africa overview Regarding political instability in African Country, it is also undeniable that African continent has gone thru some tough situation during fifty years past. But the fact is almost African cases regarding political instability the major cause of problem is leadership. And because of this African freedom heroes come to dictators, while African natural resources, politics of elimination and scarcity to slope the balance of authority continues to control the public globe. Moreover, these difficulties have been pointed out due to ordinary Africans leaders who already edged and they dont want to retire. Political instability in Africa may be obliged much of its reason to internal factors, though the interpenetration of internal and external aspect especially geo-political and economic comfort of the international community always play a major role in undermining the vey procedure and society that are expected to care for democracy and to inspire a sense of stability for community development in Africa. In combination to such issues as unequal development, poverty, disease, violence and the scheming tendencies of the local best, political and economic stability in Africa is continually under threat is though not emanating from inside the continent but as of external interests whose dryness for African resources, continue to figure the dynamics in areas connected to governance. Resources in Africa if fine managed are able of providing for its entered population, therefore the potentials for an extra stable environment, nevertheless, it is well recognized that stolen riches from Africa n frequently end up in banks abroad. [African Focus Bulletin, 2006], exist it money stolen by the political selected (case of Mobutu of Zaire, Abacha of Nigeria, and Moi of Kenya, just to state a few or the current Kibaki regime Anglo-leasing scandals in Kenya), they still end up in banks in the western capitals. 3.1 Africans leadership problem and political instability The African political instability and former related problems is basically an outcome of its leadership trouble. African governments are run in ways that have been staring as far from the modern western state structure [Osei Tutu, 2004] Domestic issues play a major role in the changeover. These domestic issues frequently variety as of corrupt rulers, repressions, a majestic legacy, distended states, and inadequate political structures and an obliteration of democracy [diamond, Linz, and Lipset 1989; Diamond and Plattner 1999]. However, the international framework often plays a vital role in both the changeover in general and the attendance of violence in exacting [Lupo, 2004] 3.2 Africans economy and political instability Despite the miserable predictions, most African economies are exploiting well even though a few country cases are still experiencing hard times in terms of political stability, economic growth and challenges posed by poverty and diseases, trade quantity and foreign investments have enlarged over time. However the political instability in Africa, which as well underpins the economic development frequently, has strong associates to internal and external distinctive interests time and again. Africas resource in this case has never been its approval, but a nuisance. These is no justification for the under development of the continent even as it sits on huge natural resources. [Rodney, W. (1981)] 3.3 Africa Political violence and political instability As an effect, the legitimate frameworks and state institutions have been meddle with, in order to generate an uneven play field alongside the opposition. Some of these procedures have seen irregular violence during electioneering era, leading to political instability. However the level of violence and the mode in which they are perpetrated differ from country as the recent elections in Uganda, Nigeria, Kenya and Zimbabwe can illustrate. [Mahamoud, 2006:15] With a lot of countries holding their third or fourth multi-party elections, internal power struggles have engaged a cruel dimension, thereby intimidating the very existence a lot of countries. Since the beginning of multi-party democracy in mainly African countries electoral procedures have been go together with political violence, as part of the democratisation process [Lupo, 2004; Huntington,1991]. Most violence is such cases are often state supported, to the advantage of the incumbent, while a variety of groups that hike for state power also intensely hired violence, in the form of informal groups, militias and gangs. In the circumstance of all the violence, it is the normal people who loose out in terms of lives and property. The calamity is that the political conflict is not about substitute political programmes that could address the main problems such as poverty, disease and illiteracy, but only a fight over who has right to use the state resources.[country-details] 4.0 Analysis 4.1 International Trade within Political Instability in Africa Country with political instability will be hard for investor to invest. This is due to situation is not good for them. However other investors are attracted with situation and take advantage for the situation by starting to make business. The International companies who are suppliers of guns and weapon will their time to sell and pray to God situation remain the same for sack of the business. People killed each other but investors they dont care as longer they doing business. In other part they may support that conflict by provide some money for other part to make them be able to fight other side and war continue. So as we can see one side they will be in trouble due to the investments been destroyed in the war because of political instability, and other side they will be benefited. Some of countries remain poor because of political instability. This could be ethnic tension, tribalism or all out war. Country such as Zimbabwe, Somalia, Rwanda and others they involved with long-term conflicts, they have a little chance of developing. Some countries also crash ethnic divides that are a constant distraction de-stabilizing the region and end up of discouraging investment, one example is Sir Lanka. 4.2 Assessment of political instability on international trade in Africa There are often political factors involved in why some of African country such as Zimbabwe, Somalia Sudan, Ethiopia, and Burundi and other suffers. This is due to bad government. Governments need to do a lot of things to encourage development, they need to build and maintain infrastructure and raise and spend finance wisely on the right projects. When governments are inept at managing infrastructure, development is impossible. Nobody wants to build a factory in a city where the power could go out at any time. Zimbabwe and other mentioned country should do the same and also needs to set up their laws and business practices in a way that encourages investment. Some of the Factors which affect international trade operation in Africa Corruption International Trade Trade Laws Political Instability Corruption Corruption is something which frustrating, disheartening and fundamentally disempowering investors. When government become loose on the simple process such as customs officials which everyone knows about, it end up of make life difficult to investors and business in general. In African countries this is common and is needs to be stopped and my country tried very hard to make it happened. [makewealthhistory n.d] Trade Laws Trade Laws it is largely a political matter. Sir Walter Raleigh famously said whosoever commands the trade of the world commands the riches of the world and hence the world itself Political instability Political instability plays a role in why some countries like Somalia and others remain poor. This could be ethnic tension, tribalism, or all out war. Needless to say, countries with long-term conflicts such as the ones in Somalia or Afghanistan have little chance of developing unless otherwise. [makewealthhistory n.d] I tried to make research for some of the African countries as follow SOMALIA Somalia involved with war since of Siad Barres regime in 1991. A lot of people in Somalia suffered due of conflict which causes long-term impact of disturbed peace, security and stability also development. This conflict cause a lot of problem and continued loss of life which end up of intermittent fighting, famine, displacement of persons and the resultant flow of refugees. The conflicts affect also neighbors countries such as Kenya, Ethiopia and Djibouti, due to proliferation of small arms, huge influx of refugees many of whom are ex-soldiers its criminal target. Overall Somalia politically is unstable. After the collapse of the Somali government various factions decided to vie for control of Somalia, which resulted in chaos, clan warfare, and interplant fighting. Although Somalia is not as lawless as it was at the time when Barre as ousted Somali factions still continue to fight for control of the territory. Somalia is a much divided national that lacks any sense of cohesive government and therefore there is no real overall ideology of the country. Somalia is attempting to stabilize many of the internal conflicts that continue to prevail in the country along with attempting to create a political ideology and a foreign policy. Political uncertainty its like nightmare to investors. It does disturb FDI (foreign Direct Investment) flow of their investment plan together with private sector and economic growth because government owned those public sector units as well. If happened that country faced unstable political, many this goes wrong. In situation like this no investor will be interested to invest in Somalia Land. This is due to political instability which put FDI in hard situation to invest. This conflicts cost the horn Africa countries deeply in terms of security due to increase of groups of arms, due to influx of refugees and lost trade. However international and regional organizations such as the UN (United National) and IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority for Development) have come between for the aim of bring peace in the war torn country. According to [BBC conversation 29th December 2010 thru radio] American tried to make peace there but they failed due to Somalia arm group come together and fight American. Somalia is one of the nations that has struggled and still does today in order to function well. It is one of these are rare places where there is ongoing civil war and it has no central government. Somalia is in a state of anarchy because it had problems after their president got assassinated in 1969, it has many economic problems, and native clans in Somalia are constantly fighting with their foes. If Somalia can solve these problems, it will be able to function very well and gain a government that will suite them well. UGANDA Another example is Uganda country. Iddi Amin President by then ruled the Government to manage all of Asian investors properties and commanded them to leave the country in short notice. This was applied to all whites investors, and even rich black. This was real bad to investors. Due to dictatorship mode of government the country came down economically and eventually to poor position. After war he decided to attack neighbor country which is Tanzania and caused a war. Situation become worse, Tanzania and Uganda war rendered Tanzania economy to fall drastically. It takes time for Tanzania to recover due to many country resource used on that war. Frankly it will be difficult for investors to withstand in violence countries. Economic growth needs political stability which will attract investors to invest in a particular country. BURUNDI Another example is Rwanda and Burundi. People killed and neighbor countries also affected due to the guns and other dangerous tools goes to them and used for robbed and so on. Rwanda war was so bad because it was tribe war (within Rwandas people). It was very difficult for investor to invest there or do international business there. They so cruel killed themselves, kill religion leaders and so on. Lets look at Zimbabwe; Mugabe makes things worse thereby take away the investors investments which most of them was farm. Those investors were doing very well on that sector. Mugabe was trying to divide the land to the Zimbabwe farmers without knowing that they dont have money to invest there and at the end they fail to run the business. Look at Zimbabwe now is terrible. There was violence which has badly hurt the commercial agricultural sector the traditional cause of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, revolving Zimbabwe into a net importer of food products. The EU and the US give food aid on humanitarian foundation. Badly needed bear from the IMF has been suspended as of the governments arrears on long-ago loans and the governments unwillingness to ratify reforms that would become stable the economy. The Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe normally prints money to fund the budget deficit, causing the official annual inflation rate to rise from 32% in 1998, to 133% in 2004, 585% in 2005, passed 1000% in 2006, and 26000% in November 2007, and to 11.2 million percent in 2008. In the meantime, the official exchange rate chop from approximately 1(revalued) Zimbabwean dollar per US dollar in 2003 to 30,000 per US dollar in September 2007[ country-details n.d] Many people in Zimbabwe they dont have jobbed, currency is in bad shape due to inflation. Before Mugabe took land from investor, people were employed on that industry, the difference from now there is no job due to those who given that land they dont have money to run the business. Zimbabwe is other country which has political problem. Zimbabwe is the second highest HIV infection fate, per capita, in the world. Zimbabwe has experienced the breakdown of law and order, unemployment of 65%, inflation104%, the collapse of the economy and the health delivery system. Human rights abuses in the form of violence and rape have continued unabated and are carried out with impunity by the ruling party activists. Voices against basic human rights abuses speak at great personal risk. It has been established that the effects of the current situation have impacted negatively on the health and well being of the people through increased stress, little or no access to primary health care facilities, unemployment, hyper-inflation and a general sense of helplessness and hopelessness. All this is due of political instability. [gateway n.d] Zimbabwe there are group of people have good life, but majority are not enjoying anything. They have very difficult life. Most of people they live in poverty and cause of anger among them towards government. These anger cause political instability and end up of forming crime revolutions and so on. [wiki.answers n.d] INFLATION-ZIMBABWE Zimbabwe Economic Overview The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles with an unsustainable fiscal deficit, an overvalued official exchange rate, hyperinflation, and bare store shelves. GDP -real growth rate -6.2% estimated in 2008. GDP (official exchange rate): $4,397 billion Note: In 2009 the Zimbabwean dollar was taken out of circulation, making Zimbabwes GDP at the official exchange rate a highly inaccurate statistic.[Source: C/A World Factbook] http://www.country-details.com/africa/zimbabwe-economy.php Transition to a market economy Before Investor decide to invest to any country especial African country always they tried to check of follow Gross National Income (GNP) GNP helps to measure income generated together by total domestic production towards as the international trade production activities of local companies. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) GDP is the broadest measure of economic activity for a country. GDP helps investor to assessing countries in which the output of the multinational sector is a significant share of activity. Improving the Power of GNI GNI is a robust estimator of an economys absolute performance. Here international manager has to be careful because GNI can mislead when he/she tried to compare countries. For example, manager to compare economic power of USA and Tanzania will not give manager a good result. So in order for manager to get good view should adjust it for taken the number of people in that country, their growth rate, and their cost of living also economic sustainability. Per Capital conversion Manager will use this indicator to which helps to explain an economys performance according of number of people who lives in such country. Purchasing Power Parity Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is the number of units of a countrys currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market that one unit of income would buy in the other country. [Daniel, Sullivan et. al 2009pp186-202] 5.0 Effect of Political Instability Opportunities could be caused by political instability 5.1 Conflict resolution and peace building initiatives In terms of conflicts in Africa, many hot spots are recovering, and making big leaps towards peaceful coexistence. Even though there are some pockets of unresolved cases like Somalia, Darfur, Congo and Northern Uganda among others, there are encouraging examples such as Sierra Leone, Rwanda, and Southern Sudan. In this context Africa is undergoing a complex process of multiple transformations. Solution to some of these cases has been found from within, coupled with external support. For this reason, it can be argued that part solution to the conflict situation and political instability in Africa lies in the west. More specifically is for the western governments to address the issue of arms manufacture and sale of arms, weapons to Africa and to address the conduct of their multinational involved in extractive activities at the expense of African lives. On the same breath, we cannot talk of health problems in Africa when countries in the west have not seen the sense and subsequent impl ications of dumping hazardous technologies and products in Africa 5.2 International Trade in Africa Some of the country they take advantage of the political instability situation to make money by doing international business in that such country. In both situations, political change creates systemic risks that impact all firms whose activities are affected by the political system. System changes dont necessarily create political risks that reduce potential profits. Elections and policy shifts can create opportunities for foreign investors. For example in 1990s a newly elected government in Argentina initiated a radical program to deregulate and privatize the countrys state-centered economy. Investors who accepted the risk and pursued the resulting opportunities prospered as Argentina became more democratic. There is one case in our International Business model talk about china. That case trace about the development of China, where political change has created opportunities in several areas, including market potential and performance. This of course, that taking advantage of such at tractive opportunities entails taking risks in a country where political and legal complications still pose roadblocks to profitability.[Daniel, Sullivan et al (2009) pg155] When other countries suffer of political instability, other countries enjoy that situation very much. Lets say country faced political instability and happened there is a war, some of international companies from other country they start to do business by selling guns, and other things which needed in situation like that. The neighbour countries get advantage of when refugee run to them, they get support from international support programme. The people of such neighbour country they will be benefited by get food, clothes, and other human needs thru refugee. However those neighbour countries may suffer due to refugee may transfer the conflict in that country. Unemployment When country faced political instability unemployment rate will be high, and country will not be able to offer job to the people. So when investors who they ready to take risk move to that country will be easy for them gets cheap labor. People they dont have job and they need money means they will do any kind of job to get money. However countries that are unable to create jobs for their citizens create a risky business environment. So investors whose will take risk to invest in such country must take precaution for robbery and thief due to people are desperate to get money. Generally, people out of work and unable to find jobs depress economic growth, create social pressures, and provoke political uncertainty. Inflation Inflation cause rise in prices measured against a standard level of purchasing power. Country in political instability inflation will be high and the investor who doing there they have power to set their price (high) and consumer they dont have choice. Life will be expensive and investor who doing business there are benefited with high price of commodities. People they work to them and get salary and at the end of day they give back that money to them. This is to say foreign will be able to transfer resources to home country indirect. Debt The debt for the country which faced political instability growing because government dont have money, and end up of borrows money from the financial institution. This will be benefit to those countries which hold those financial institutions such as IFM and so on. Income distribution GNI or PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) will be low due is calculate with which income the average person earns. Country with political instability not everyone is average, neither indicator tells us what share of income goes to what segments of the population. So the big share will go to foreigner whose they have big share of money, and this will be benefit to them.[Daniel, Sullivan et. al pp196-203] Production factors move Capital especially short-term capital is the most internationally mobile production factor. In country with political instability companies and private individuals primarily transfer capital because of differences in expected return. This situation cause of transfer capital back home or to another country and will be benefit to foreigners due to some of country when foreigner came to invest, government allow them to make business for the first three years without of paying tax. The countries with political instability foreigner advantage of this situation and invest for only three years without tax and move to another country. This happened because they not secure with political situation. Analyzing Risk In between political instability, one country risk may be another opportunity to other country. For example companies which provide security services such as guard services, alarm systems, insurances and guns may get the big opportunities of sales where the victim country suffer in war.[Daniel, Sullivan et. al (2009)p 502] 6.0 CONCLUSION Finally the research has been done accordingly by the guidance of the lecturers and my family members. Thanks to be them, without forgetting my fellow students for their corporation. 7.0 RECOMMENDATION An African countries leader has to make sure political in their country is stable so that FDI can transfer they technology, skill and knowledge to the local people thru International Business.

Structuralism Developed by Ferdinand de Saussure Essays -- literary the

Structuralism was developed by Ferdinand de Saussure in the mid-twentieth century (Cuddon and Preston 923). This creation was brought on, in part, by the French existentialism period and is often combined with the semiotic theory of literary criticism; both are the source of development for other literary criticisms from the formalist schools of thought. As the name suggests, structuralism examines the structure of the work, investigating the ramifications of the organizations of literatures (McManus, 1998). As an image to portray this idea is examining the structure of a building and comparing it to the structures of other buildings in its surroundings, and then subsequently comparing the common features of those buildings to buildings from other cultures and what those architectural discrepancies represent (Brizee and Tompkins, 2011). Structuralism employs terms to help in the understanding of one of the most complex literary theories (McManus, 1998; Brizee and Tompkins, 2011). All words in any given language are either classified as parole or langue (McManus, 1998). Barbara McManus is an expert on literary criticism, has authored two books on the subject, is a retired professor of Classics Emerita, including the topics of Feminism and general literary criticism courses, from College of New Rochelle who defines the two terms as â€Å"any particular meaningful use of spoken or written language (also called ‘performance’)† and â€Å"the underlying system of sounds, forms, and rules of combination of a language which make meaningful communication possible (a speaker's implicit knowledge of this system is called ‘competence’),† respectively (McManus, 2003; McManus, 1998). McManus later states that â€Å"[Structuralists are] interested in langu... ...ll D. Moyers. The Power of Myth. New York: Doubleday, 1988. Print. "Cormac McCarthy on James Joyce and Punctuation." Interview by Oprah Winfrey.Oprah.com. OPRAH, 01 June 2008. Web. 05 Feb. 2014. . Cuddon, J. A., and Claire Preston. The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. London: Penguin, 1999. Print. McCarthy, Cormac. The Road. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006. Print. McManus, Barbara F. "Barbara McManus Home Page." CNR.com. College of New Rochelle, July 2003. Web. 4 Feb. 2014. McManus, Barbara F. "Structuralist Approaches." Structuralist Approaches. The College of New Rochelle, Oct. 1998. Web. 16 Jan. 2014. Murfin, Ross, and Supryia M. Ray. "VirtuaLit: Critical Approaches." VirtuaLit: Critical Approaches. Bedford/St. Martin's, n.d. Web. 04 Feb. 2014.